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PCB Via Types: Through, Blind, Buried, Microvia and Via-in-Pad
Learn the main PCB via types, how through vias, blind vias, buried vias, microvias and via-in-pad differ, and what to check before fabrication.
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4 Layer PCB Stackup: Signal, Ground, Power and DFM Checks
Learn a practical 4 layer PCB stackup, when to use signal-ground-power-signal layers, what to check for impedance, copper balance, vias and fabrication.
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Circuit Card Assembly Testing: AOI, X-Ray, ICT, FCT and Coverage Gaps
Learn circuit card assembly testing methods, what AOI, X-ray, ICT, flying probe and FCT can catch, what they miss, and what files to send before PCBA production.
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How to Etch a PCB Board: Steps, Safety and Factory Limits
Learn how to etch a PCB board safely, from copper cleaning and resist transfer to etching checks, common failures and when to use factory fabrication.
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How to Trace a PCB Circuit: Tracks, Continuity and Repair Checks
Learn how to trace a PCB circuit by following visible tracks, using continuity mode correctly, marking nets, checking components and preparing repair or remake notes.
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The Complete PCB Design Guide for Beginners: From Schematic to Manufacturing
What You Actually Need to Know Before Starting A printed circuit board is a layered structure. At its simplest, you’re looking at three things working together: Most beginner projects use a two-layer board — copper on top, copper on the bottom, connected through drilled and plated holes called vias. That configuration covers the Read more
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How to Use EasyEDA for PCB Design: Schematic, Layout and Gerber Checks
Learn how to use EasyEDA for PCB design from schematic and footprint checks through layout, DRC, Gerber export and manufacturing review.
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PCB Components Identification Chart: Designators, Codes and Polarity
Use this PCB components identification chart to read reference designators, package clues, top markings, polarity and Pin 1, then confirm parts correctly.
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How to Clean a Corroded Circuit Board: Clean, Inspect and Test
Learn how to identify the residue, clean a corroded circuit board safely, inspect damaged traces and pads, and test it before controlled power-up.
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PCB Material Specification: Stackup, Properties and Substitution Checks
Learn how to specify PCB laminate, stackup, electrical and thermal properties, approved substitutes, fabrication notes, and supplier evidence.